What describes the number of calories required for basic bodily functions at rest?

The term that describes the number of calories required for basic bodily functions at rest is basal metabolic rate (BMR). BMR refers to the minimum energy expenditure needed to maintain essential physiological functions, such as breathing, circulation, and cell production, when an individual is awake but at rest in a thermally neutral environment. It is influenced by factors such as age, sex, weight, and body composition.

BMR represents the most standardized measure of energy needs at rest and excludes additional energy costs like physical activity or digestion, which would require a different assessment. Understanding BMR is crucial for calculating total energy expenditure and developing tailored nutrition and fitness plans, as it forms the baseline from which additional caloric needs are calculated based on activity levels and metabolic factors.