What are chemical elements or substances required in small amounts for normal growth and development called?

The term you are looking for is micro-nutrients. These are essential chemical elements or substances that the body needs in small amounts to maintain normal physiological functions, including growth and development. Micro-nutrients typically include vitamins and minerals, which play critical roles in various biochemical processes, including immune function, bone health, and energy production.

In contrast, macro-nutrients are required in larger amounts and primarily include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which provide the energy necessary for our daily activities. Caloric substances generally refer to those that provide energy, which aligns with macro-nutrients, but does not specifically address the need for small-scale substances necessary for growth. Carbohydrates are one specific type of macro-nutrient and do not encompass the broader range of essential substances needed in smaller quantities.

Understanding the distinction between micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients is crucial for maintaining a balanced diet and ensuring all aspects of health are addressed, especially during periods of growth or development.